Common beans and lentils in Europe and America navy beans (Europe), used in baked bean tins red kidney beans (common in America and Europe) chickpeas (Middle East, Mediterranean and India) black beans (South and Central America) butter beans, aka Lima beans (originate from south America and USA, now common in the UK) lentils (originate from Middle East, now common in the UK) cannellini beans, aka white kidney beans (originate from south America) chili beans, aka pink beans (originate from South America) pinto beans (common in Mexican and Southwest of the USA) Common beans in Asia soybeans (common in Asia), called edamame when they are immature soybeans 黄豆 edamame 毛豆 mung bean 绿豆 (Asia, esp. China
Finnish universities are the most effective in the world when taking into account national income levels, according to a
ranking of higher education systems.
Top 10 countries, adjusted for economic development, areThe rankings are judged against metrics related to
resources, environment, connectivity and output, based on 24 separate
variables, including the number and impact of research articles produced,
university enrolment and graduate unemployment, a qualitative assessment of a
country’s policy environment, and spending on tertiary education as a
proportion of gross domestic product. The development-adjusted ranking is
measured by adjusting GDP in purchasing-power parity terms to compensate for
different prices across countries.
It shows that there is a strong relationship between levels of research funding and performance but the mix between public and private funding is of little importance. It notes that there is a trade-off between the amount of government control and the level of government funding, and the worst systems combine tight government control with limited government funding.
Top 10 countries, adjusted for economic development, are
- Finland
- South Africa
- United Kingdom
- Denmark
- Canada
- Sweden
- Australia
- New Zealand
- Switzerland
- Netherlands
It shows that there is a strong relationship between levels of research funding and performance but the mix between public and private funding is of little importance. It notes that there is a trade-off between the amount of government control and the level of government funding, and the worst systems combine tight government control with limited government funding.
Countries with small populations
benefit from the ease with which strong informal links between universities,
business and government can be developed. These nations also tend to perform
more strongly on measures of connectivity, such as share of international
students or internationally co-authored articles, according to the report. It has also demonstrated that international connectivity increases the impact of research.
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